| 功能基因筛选方法的研究进展 | | 点击： 作者： 来源： 时间： 1970-01-01 本站论坛 |
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可用于人的表皮细胞、成纤维细胞、淋巴细胞系及原代细胞 |
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显微注射法 |
通过显微操作将DNA 直接注入靶细胞核稳定转染, |
瞬时转染 |
转染细胞数有限,多用于基因工程改造或转基因动物的胚胎细胞 |
5. 2 转基因动物/ 基因敲除技术
动物的正常生理依赖于体内不同类型细胞间的相互作用,后者通过细胞通讯和信号转导实现。由于一个基因功能的实现不仅会对细胞和整体产生作用,同时也会受到来自细胞内外的调控,因此,在正常或病理状态下的整体动物中进行基因功能的评价和确证研究更为有效。通过对胚胎细胞进行基因工程改造或基因转染所获得的转基因小鼠(transgene mice) 和基因敲除(gene knock-out) 小鼠,为在整体水平上研究基因功能和药物作用靶点提供了极为有效的工具和模型,其技术也日趋成熟[26 ,27 ] 。
6 结语
功能基因的筛选研究对于快速估测和了解新基因的生物学功能,确定该基因是否能够成为药物靶点或直接作为治疗药物(基因药物或蛋白质药物) 具有重要意义。本文对高通量细胞筛选技术、反义核酸技术、转基因技术等功能基因筛选方法的应用及研究进展进行了综述。快速、灵敏、高通量、相对特异是对功能基因筛选方法的要求和挑战。随着功能基因组学研究的广泛开展,上述技术得以不断提高, 一些新的、综合性检测技术和研究方法,如转染细胞芯片技术、单细胞芯片及其检测技术、灵敏的基因表达分析技术等[28～30 ] ,也应发展并得以应用。这些都大大加速了功能基因的研究进程,也为药物发现带来了机遇。
参考文献
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