① 任意一个密码子的前两位碱基都与tRNA anticodon中的相应碱基形成Watson-Crick碱基配对。 ② 反密码子第一位是A或C时,只能识别一个密码子。当反密码子第一位是U或G时,能识别两个密码子。当Inosine(I)作为反密码子第一位时,能识别三个密码子。 ③ 如果数个密码子同时编码一个氨基酸,凡是第一、二位碱基不相同的密码子都对应于各自的tRNA。 ④ 根据上述规则,至少需要32种不同的tRNA才能翻译61个密码子。
有两道关口: The first filter is the initial binding of the amino acid to the enzyme and its activation to aminoacyl-AMP. The second filter is the binding of incorrect aminoacyl-AMP products to a separate active site on the enzyme. 六. 核糖体
主要分为五步 1、 Activation of Amino Acids (This reaction takes place in the cytosol, not on the ribosome). 2、 Initiation. The mRNA bearing the code for the polypeptide binds to the small ribosomal subunit and to the initiating aminoacyl-tRNA. 3、Elongation. Peptide bonds are formed in this stage. 4、Termination and Release. Completion of the polypeptide chain is signaled by a termination codon in the mRNA. 5、Folding and Post translational Processing.
肽链延伸分为三步 ① Binding of an incoming aminoacyl-tRNA. ② Peptide bond formation. ③ Translocation.